1.1 This guide covers procedures for obtaining
storing
characterizing
and manipulating marine
estuarine
and freshwater sediments
for use in laboratory sediment toxicity evaluations and describes samplers that can be used to collect sediment and benthic invertebrates (). This standard is not meant to provide detailed guidance for all aspects of sediment assessments
such as chemical analyses or monitoring
geophysical characterization
or extractable phase and fractionation analyses. However
some of this information might have applications for some of these activities. A variety of methods are reviewed in this guide. A statement on the consensus approach then follows this review of the methods. This consensus approach has been included in order to foster consistency among studies. It is anticipated that recommended methods and this guide will be updated routinely to reflect progress in our understanding of sediments and how to best study them. This version of the standard is based primarily on a document developed by USEPA (2001 (1)) and by Environment Canada (1994 ()) as well as an earlier version of this standard.
1.2 Protecting sediment quality is an important part of restoring and maintaining the biological integrity of our natural resources as well as protecting aquatic life
wildlife
and human health. Sediment is an integral component of aquatic ecosystems
providing habitat
feeding
spawning
and rearing areas for many aquatic organisms (MacDonald and Ingersoll 2002a
b (3)(4)). Sediment also serves as a reservoir for contaminants in sediment and therefore a potential source of contaminants to the water column
organisms
and ultimately human consumers of those organisms. These contaminants can arise from a number of sources
including municipal and industrial discharges
urban and agricultural runoff
atmospheric deposition
and port operations.
1.3 Contaminated sediment can cause lethal and sublethal effects in benthic (sediment-dwelling) and other sediment-associated organisms. In addition
natural and human disturbances can release contaminants to the overlying water
where pelagic (water column) organisms can be exposed. Sediment-associated contaminants can reduce or eliminate species of recreational
commercial
or ecological importance
either through direct effects or by affecting the food supply that sustainable populations require. Furthermore
some contaminants in sediment can bioaccumulate through the food chain and pose health risks to wildlife and human consumers even when sediment-dwelling organisms are not themselves impacted (Test Method E 1706).
1.4 There are several regulatory guidance documents concerned with sediment collection and characterization procedures that might be important for individuals performing federal or state agency-related work. Discussion of some of the principles and current thoughts on these approaches can be found in Dickson
et al. Ingersoll et al. (1997 ())
and Wenning and Ingersoll (2002 ()).
1.5 This guide is arranged as follows:
Section
Scope
Referenced Documents
Terminology
Summary of Guide
Significance and Use
Interferences
Apparatus
Safety Hazards
Sediment Monitoring and Assessment Plans
Collection of Whole Sediment Samples
Field Sample Processing
Transport
and Storage of Sediments
Sample Manipulations
Collection of Interstitial Water
Physico-chemical Characterization of Sediment Samples
Quality Assurance
Report
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【中国标准分类】 Z04 环境保护采样、分析测试方法【国际标准分类】 13.030.01-废物综合
国外标准 DIN EN ISO 10993-16-1997 医疗器械的生物评定.第16部分:毒理研究的设计
【适用范围】
【中国标准分类】 A80 医药器械【国际标准分类】 13.300-危险品防护
国家标准 GB/T 24781-2009 化学品性质(Q)SAR模型的验证指南 生态毒理性质
【适用范围】 本标准规定了化学品生态毒理性质(Q)SAR模型的验证指南。 n 本标准适用于现有的以及将来开发的各种(Q)SAR模型。
